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2020-01-15 14:26 來(lái)源：京東作者：京東

Bantam Classics 經(jīng)典系列：艱難時(shí)世HARD TIMES

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內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介:Written deliberately to increase the circulation of Dickens's weekly magazine, Household Words, Hard Times was a huge and instantaneous success upon publication in 1854. Yet this novel is not the cheerful celebration of Victorian life one might have expected from the beloved author of The Pickwick Papers and The Old Curiosity Shop. Compressed, stark, allegorical, it is a bitter exposé of capitalist exploitation during the industrial revolution–and a fierce denunciation of the philosophy of materialism, which threatens the human imagination in all times and places. With a typically unforgettable cast of characters–including the heartless fact-worshipper
Mr. Gradgrind, the warmly endearing Sissy Jupe, and the eternally noble Stephen Blackpool–Hard Times carries a uniquely powerful message and remains one of the most widely read of Dickens's major novels.

作者簡(jiǎn)介: Charles Dickens was born in 1812 near Portsmouth where his father was a clerk in the navy pay office. The family moved to London in 1823, but their fortunes were severely impaired. Dickens was sent to work in a blacking-warehouse when his father was imprisoned for debt. Both experiences deeply affected the future novelist. In 1833 he began contributing stories to newspapers and magazines, and in 1836 started the serial publication of Pickwick Papers. Thereafter, Dickens published his major novels over the course of the next twenty years, from Nicholas Nickleby to Little Dorrit. He also edited the journals Household Words and All the Year Round. Dickens died in June 1870.

　　 查爾斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens，1812～1870），1812年生于英國(guó)的樸次茅斯。父親過(guò)著沒(méi)有節(jié)制的生活，負(fù)債累累。年幼的狄更斯被迫被送進(jìn)一家皮鞋油店當(dāng)學(xué)徒，飽嘗了艱辛。狄更斯16歲時(shí)，父親因債務(wù)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。從此，他們的生活更為悲慘。工業(yè)革命一方面帶來(lái)了19世紀(jì)前期英國(guó)大都市的繁榮，另一方面又帶來(lái)了庶民社會(huì)的極端貧困和對(duì)童工的殘酷剝削。尖銳的社會(huì)矛盾和不公正的社會(huì)制度使狄更斯決心改變自己的生活。15歲時(shí)，狄更斯在一家律師事務(wù)所當(dāng)抄寫員并學(xué)習(xí)速記，此后，又在報(bào)社任新聞?dòng)浾?。在《記事晨?bào)》任記者時(shí)，狄更斯開(kāi)始發(fā)表一些具有諷刺和幽默內(nèi)容的短劇，主要反映倫敦的生活，逐漸有了名氣。他了解城市底層人民的生活和風(fēng)土人情，這些都體現(xiàn)在他熱情洋溢的筆端。此后，他在不同的雜志社任編輯、主編和發(fā)行人，其間發(fā)表了幾十部長(zhǎng)篇和短篇小說(shuō)，主要作品有《霧都孤兒》、《圣誕頌歌》、《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》和《遠(yuǎn)大前程》等。
　　狄更斯的作品大多取材于與自己的親身經(jīng)歷或所見(jiàn)所聞相關(guān)聯(lián)的事件。他在書(shū)中揭露了濟(jì)貧院駭人聽(tīng)聞的生活制度，揭開(kāi)了英國(guó)社會(huì)底層的可怕秘密，淋漓盡致地描寫了社會(huì)的黑暗和罪惡。本書(shū)起筆便描寫了主人公奧利弗生下來(lái)便成為孤兒，以及在濟(jì)貧院度過(guò)的悲慘生活。后來(lái)，他被迫到殯儀館做學(xué)徒，又因不堪忍受虐待而離家出走。孤身一人來(lái)到倫敦后，又落入了竊賊的手中。狄更斯在其作品中大量描寫了黑暗的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)平民階層寄予了深切的向情，并無(wú)情地批判了當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)制度。他在小說(shuō)描寫的現(xiàn)實(shí)性和人物的個(gè)性化方面成績(jī)是突出的。他成為繼莎士比亞之后，塑造作品人物數(shù)量最多的一個(gè)作家。

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